AMBIENT OCCLUSION is basically the  contact depth between the two objects. Ambient occlusion pass uses the global light and renders the contact shadows.It is a material , it helps to generate a render showing the contact shadows where the two polygons meet or two surfaces meet.

let’s get started.

Step 1 -  Take  the basic polygon primitives like plane , cube , cylinder and cone like i have taken in the image below.

Step 2 – Go to Window – Rendering editor – Hypershade

and select the Surface Shader.

Step 3 – Now go to render settings and set the render using Mental ray because  for taking out the Ambient occlusion pass we need to have mental ray on  as our renderer.

Step 4 – Again on hypershade select the Create Mental Ray Nodes  tab  and select the Textures  options.

Step 5 – Now under the Textures tab select the mib_amb_occlusion option .

Step 6 - Drag the mib_amb_occlusion to the outcolor of surface shader.

Step 7 - Double click on the mib_amb_occlusion to do the following settings.

Make samples to 256 and maximum distance to 200.

Step 8 – Now hit the render to get an ambient occlusion pass.

I hope this article will be useful to you

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Step 1 – Create a plane in the view port. Go to Rendering editor – Hypershade and take two files , one lambert and one condition utility as shown below in the figure.

Step 2 – Take the texture of a teddy bear and a flower  and assign it to both of the files as i have done . Drag the first file ( by middle mouse button)  to condition’s color if true.

Step 3 – Similarly as done above  drag the second file ( by middle mouse button )  to  Color if False.

Step 4 - Now take a Sampler info and drag ( by middle mouse button )  it to the condition and connect flipped normal to first term .

Step 5 – Now hit on render on both the sides and you will achieve a result like this.

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1. KEY LIGHT

First we add a Key light for the character.Your key light is your main light source. It creates the objects main illumination and defines the most visible lighting and shadows. Sun, lights above, spot lights, etc. This is your main light source. It represents the dominant light source such as sun , window , or ceiling light. Create a spot light to server as the key .
The key light should be from front. From the top view offset the key light 15 to 45 degrees (left or right) of camera. from the side raise the key light above the camera angle.
Key light should be brighter than any other light that should be from the front .
Specular highlights are triggered by the key light .

2. FILL LIGHT

Now add a fill in the scene.
Your fill light is off to the side and is again used to help display the details of the model, rather than hiding it in hard shadows. It simulates the way that light typically diffuses across an object. In real life light diffuses across a surface and we have bounced light, etc.
It softens and extends the illumination provided by the key light and makes more of the object visible.
It creates lights from the secondary sources or the bounced lights. A point light may be used here.
If key light is on right side than fill light should be on left.
It should be half bright than key light and color should be according to the environment.

3. RIM LIGHT

Now add a Rim light or Back light.
Back light is used to break the image up from the background. key light is the brightest light source.The idea is to get just that bit of rim light on the back to break up the model from the dark or similar spots on the background.
From top view add a spot light and position it behind the object.
Adjust till it gives a bright outline that highlights your top or side edge of your subject.

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Hiii in this post i want to tell you about the basics of Toon shading in maya.Toon shading is a shading technique used to draw an outline around the object and to give it a 2d look . This explanation is for the beginer who want to know the basics of toon shading in 3d softwares like maya.

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Step 1 – Firstly i have modeled a small hospital scene in Maya. First take a look at the scene.

Step-2 Create an Vray Rectangle light and one directional light in the window of the interior scene.

Step-3 Select the Vray Rectangle light and set its intensity to 10(you can adjust it according to your scene). Now select the Directional light and set its intensity to 1 and color to yellow.

Step-4 Go to render settings – select render using:Vray , go to the global options – lighting – OFF DEFAULT LIGHTS

Step-5 Now go to Raytracing – image sampler – select the sampler type to ADAPTIVE DMC and choose the anti aliasing filter to CATMULROM

Step-6 Under indirect illumination tab On Gi . Select Irradiance map in primary bounces and Light Cache in secondary bounces

Step-7 Select current preset to High and subdivisions to 50 as u can see in the image below.

Step-8 Now go to the advanced options tab choose the sample lookup to overlapping(very good\fast)

Hit the render and you will get an output like this. I have done some post production in photoshop using gaussian blur to get an output like this. Enjoyyyyy!!!!!!!!!

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1. Modeling a coca-cola Bottle

2. Creating an LCD Monitor

3. Creating a 3D Coin

4. Create Car Rim

5. Create a Beach Chair

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Here is the render of the dome lighting or you can say the skylight.

Step-1 First create some objects like i have used the basic polygon primitives or you can have your own exterior models.Create a spotlight as you can see in the image below and set its pivot below at the center by pressing “d”.

Step-2 Select the Spotlight.Go to Window- Outliner on shape node under display,Select the Shape node as shown in the figure below.
Step-3 Go to Window-General editor-Channel control and select Dmap filter size,Dmap resolution and Emit specular from non-keyable hidden and move it to Non-keyable displayed.

Step-4 Now we have the selected items in our Channel Control and do the following settings- Intensity: 0.08, Emit Specular : 0 or off, Use Depth Map shadows : on or 1 , Dmap filter size : 4 , Penumbra angle : 20 and Dropoff : 0.01

Step-5 Select the spot light and go to the rotate settings by double clicking on rotate tool. Make the discrete rotate on and give the Step Size to 22.5. Select the spotlight ctrl+d and rotate it as you can see in the image. Again, shift+d three times.

Step-6 Now, Again go to rotate tool setting and make the Step Size to 60. Select the four lights and group them by ctrl+g . Now ctrl+d the lights and shift+d 5 times

Step-7 Select lights and change the cone angle to 150 till the spot is big enough so that there is no gap in between. Select all the lights and go to ctrl+a and change the light color to light sky blue.

Step-8 Now Render your scene and create one directional light for sunlight if needed.I hope you enjoyed this post!!!!!!

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STEP 1 -- First take a face model or any model where u wanna apply the ghost shading. Like i’ve chosen this face as u can see in the image below

STEP-2 – Go to rendering Editor – Hypershade
and take two Ramps , one Sampler info and one Lambert